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CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2025

by PW Gulf
June 15, 2024
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CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2025: The CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus for 2025, created by the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE), provides a thorough guide for students. It is carefully designed to follow the latest guidelines, balancing theory and practical applications. 

The syllabus covers key topics like electrostatics, electromagnetism, optics, modern physics, and more. The practical section focuses on conducting experiments, analyzing data, and interpreting results for a well-rounded education. The syllabus can be downloaded in PDF format from the official CBSE website.

CBSE Revised Syllabus for Class 12 Physics 2025

The CBSE Class 12 Physics syllabus for 2025 outlines the topics and chapters students need to study for their board exams. It is divided into nine units, with 70 marks for theory and 30 marks for practicals. The units cover electrostatics, electromagnetism, optics, modern physics, and more. 

The syllabus emphasizes practical applications and hands-on experience, with sessions for conducting experiments, analyzing data, and interpreting results. It also provides details on the exam pattern, question paper design, and internal assessment structure, helping students prepare effectively.

 

Unit

Chapters

Topics Covered

Unit I: Electrostatics

Chapter 1: Electric Charges and Fields

Electric charges, Conservation of charge, Coulomb's law, Forces between multiple charges, Superposition principle, Electric field, Electric dipole, Gauss's theorem and applications

 

Chapter 2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

Electric potential, Potential energy, Capacitance, Capacitors in series and parallel

Unit II: Current Electricity

Chapter 3: Current Electricity

Electric current, Drift velocity, Ohm's law, Resistors in series and parallel, Kirchhoff's laws, Wheatstone bridge, Potentiometer

Unit III: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism

 

Chapter 4: Moving Charges and Magnetism

Magnetic field, Biot-Savart law, Force on a moving charge, Force on a current-carrying wire

Chapter 5: Magnetism and Matter

Magnetic properties of materials, Magnetic induction, Magnetic field due to a changing current

Unit IV: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents

 

Chapter 6: Electromagnetic Induction

Faraday's law, Lenz's law, Induced emf and current, Magnetic field due to a changing current

Chapter 7: Alternating Current

AC circuits, Phasor representation, Impedance, Power factor, Power consumption, Efficiency

Unit V: Electromagnetic Waves

Chapter 8: Electromagnetic Waves

Electromagnetic spectrum, Properties of electromagnetic waves, Wave propagation

Unit VI: Optics

 

Chapter 9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

Reflection and refraction of light, Total internal reflection, Optical instruments (telescope, microscope)

Chapter 10: Wave Optics

Wave nature of light, Interference, Diffraction

Unit VII: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

Chapter 11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

Wave-particle duality, Photoelectric effect, Compton effect, Electron spin

Unit VIII: Atoms and Nuclei

Chapter 12: Atoms

Atomic structure, Atomic spectra, Bohr model, Quantum mechanical model

 

Chapter 13: Nuclei

Nuclear structure, Radioactivity, Nuclear reactions

Unit IX: Electronic Devices

Chapter 14: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits

Semiconductor materials, Diodes, Transistors, Integrated circuits

CBSE Revised Syllabus for Class 12 Physics 2025

The CBSE Class 12 Physics syllabus for the 2024-25 academic year has been revised and released by the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE). The syllabus covers a comprehensive range of topics, including Electrostatics, Current Electricity, Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism, Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents, Electromagnetic Waves, Optics, Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter, Atoms and Nuclei, and Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits.

CBSE Revised Syllabus for Class 12 Physics 2025

Category

Details

Description

Theory

Maximum Marks

70

Total marks allocated for the theory section.

Duration

3 hours

Time duration for the theory exam.

Weightage by Chapter

Chapter 1: Electric Charges and Fields

27 marks (38%)

Covers electric charges, Coulomb's law, electric field, and Gauss's theorem.

Chapter 2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

22 marks (32%)

Discusses electric potential, capacitance, and capacitors.

Chapter 3: Current Electricity

21 marks (30%)

Focuses on electric current, resistance, and Ohm's law.

Chapter 4: Moving Charges and Magnetism

21 marks (30%)

Covers magnetic field due to moving charges and current-carrying wires.

Chapter 5: Magnetism and Matter

21 marks (30%)

Discusses magnetic properties of materials and magnetic induction.

Chapter 6: Electromagnetic Induction

21 marks (30%)

Covers Faraday's law, electromagnetic induction, and induced EMF.

Chapter 7: Alternating Current

21 marks (30%)

Focuses on alternating current circuits and power consumption.

Chapter 8: Electromagnetic Waves

21 marks (30%)

Discusses electromagnetic spectrum and wave propagation.

Chapter 9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

21 marks (30%)

Covers reflection, refraction, and optical instruments like telescopes and microscopes.

Chapter 10: Wave Optics

21 marks (30%)

Discusses wave nature of light, interference, and diffraction.

Chapter 11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

21 marks (30%)

Focuses on dual nature of radiation, photoelectric effect, and quantum theory.

Chapter 12: Atoms

21 marks (30%)

Covers atomic structure, atomic spectra, and quantum models.

Chapter 13: Nuclei

21 marks (30%)

Discusses nuclear structure, radioactivity, and nuclear reactions.

Chapter 14: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits

21 marks (30%)

Focuses on semiconductor materials, diodes, transistors, and integrated circuits.

Practicals

Total Periods

60

Total number of periods allocated for practical sessions.

Record Requirements

 

 

Record of at least 8 experiments (4 from each section)

Requirement to record experiments conducted during practicals.

Record of at least 6 activities (3 from each section)

Requirement to record activities performed during practicals.

Report of the project carried out by the students

Requirement to submit a project report based on practical work.

Key Topics

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Electric charges, conservation of charge, Coulomb's law, electric field, electric flux, and Gauss's theorem

Major concepts covered in the syllabus related to electricity and magnetism.

Electrostatic potential, capacitance, and capacitors

Key topics related to electrostatics and capacitance.

Current electricity, resistance, and Ohm's law

Fundamental principles and laws governing current electricity.

Moving charges, magnetism, and electromagnetic induction

Concepts related to magnetic fields and electromagnetic induction.

Alternating currents and electromagnetic waves

Topics related to alternating currents and electromagnetic waves.

Ray optics, wave optics, and optical instruments

Principles and applications of optics, including ray and wave optics.

Dual nature of radiation and matter, photoelectric effect, and de-Broglie relation

Topics concerning the quantum nature of radiation and matter.

Atoms, nuclei, and semiconductor electronics

Concepts related to atomic structure, nuclei, and semiconductor devices.

CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2025: Units and Chapters

The CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2025 consists of nine units, which are further divided into chapters. Here is the detailed breakdown:

CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2025: Units and Chapters

Units and Chapters

Details

Electrostatics

Chapter 1: Electric Charges and Fields, Chapter 2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

Current Electricity

Chapter 3: Current Electricity

Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism

Chapter 4: Moving Charges and Magnetism, Chapter 5: Magnetism and Matter

Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents

Chapter 6: Electromagnetic Induction, Chapter 7: Alternating Current

Electromagnetic Waves

Chapter 8: Electromagnetic Waves

Optics

Chapter 9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments, Chapter 10: Wave Optics

Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

Chapter 11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

Atoms and Nuclei

Chapter 12: Atoms, Chapter 13: Nuclei

Electronic Devices

Chapter 14: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices, and Simple Circuits

Practical Experiments

Determining resistivity of two/three wires, Finding the resistance of a given wire/standard resistor using a metre bridge, Verifying the laws of resistivity

Importance of the CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2025

The CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2025 is crucial for students as it provides a comprehensive understanding of various physics concepts and topics. The syllabus emphasizes the significance of a systematic approach to studying physics effectively, ensuring students gain a deep understanding of the subject. It covers a wide range of essential areas, including electrostatics, electromagnetism, optics, and modern physics, providing a balanced combination of theoretical knowledge and practical applications.

Class 12 Physics 2025 Syllabus: Course Structure & Weightage

The Class 12 Physics syllabus for 2025 covers a comprehensive range of topics across two sections. Section A focuses on electrostatics, current electricity, magnetic effects of current and magnetism, electromagnetic induction and alternating currents, and electromagnetic waves. Section B covers optics, the dual nature of matter and radiation, atoms and nuclei, and electronic devices.

Class 12 Physics 2025 Syllabus: Course Structure

The syllabus provides a detailed breakdown of the unit-wise weightage. Chapters like Current Electricity, Ray Optics and Optical Instruments, and Semiconductor Electronics carry higher weightage of 10%, 6%, and 5% respectively. 

Class 12 Physics 2025 Syllabus: Course Structure

Section

Unit No.

Unit Name

Weightage

Section 1

1

Electrostatics

08 Marks

 

2

Current Electricity

07 Marks

 

3

Magnetic effect of current and magnetism

08 Marks

 

4

Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents

08 Marks

 

5

Electromagnetic Waves

04 Marks

Total

 

 

35 Marks

Section 2

1

Optics

13 Marks

 

2

Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation

06 Marks

 

3

Atom and Nucleus

08 Marks

 

4

Electronic Devices

08 Marks

Total

 

 

35 Marks

Class 12 Physics 2025 Syllabus: Weightage

Other important topics include Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance, Alternating Current, and Nuclei, each accounting for 5% of the total marks. 

Class 12 Physics 2025 Syllabus: Weightage

Section

Unit No.

Unit Name

Weightage

Section 1

1

Electrostatics

08 Marks

 

2

Current Electricity

07 Marks

 

3

Magnetic effect of current and magnetism

08 Marks

 

4

Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents

08 Marks

 

5

Electromagnetic Waves

04 Marks

Total

 

 

35 Marks

Section 2

1

Optics

13 Marks

 

2

Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation

06 Marks

 

3

Atom and Nucleus

08 Marks

 

4

Electronic Devices

08 Marks

Total

 

 

35 Marks

Class 12 Physics 2025 Syllabus: Practical Evaluation Scheme

Here is the practical evaluation scheme for Class 12 Physics 2025:

Particulars

Description

Marks

Experiments

Two experiments, one from each section (Section A and Section B)

16

Practical Record

Record of experiments and activities performed during the academic year

6

Investigatory Project

Investigatory project related to Physics concepts

3

VIVA on Experiments, Activities, and Project

Viva-voce component assessing understanding of experiments, activities, and project

5

Total

 

30

Class 12 Physics 2025 Syllabus: Deleted Topics

The Class 12 Physics syllabus for the 2024-25 academic year has undergone changes, with certain topics being removed from the curriculum. Here are the key points about the deleted topics:

Class 12 Physics 2025 Syllabus: Deleted Topics

Chapter

Deleted Topics

Chapter 1: Electric Charges and Fields

 

Activity with paper strips and making an electroscope (1.2 Electric Charge)

Concept of earthing (1.3 Conductors and Insulators)

Chapter 2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

Derivation of energy stored in a capacitor (2.15 Energy Stored in a Capacitor)

Chapter 3: Current Electricity

 

 

Tables 3.1 and 3.2 and carbon resistors, Colour code for carbon resistor (3.7 Resistivity of Various Materials)

Example 3.5, Meter Bridge, and Potentiometer (3.10 Combinations of Resistors – Series and Parallel)

Exercises 3.3, 3.4, 3.10, 3.12, 3.14–3.23

Chapter 4: Moving Charges and Magnetism

 

Table 4.1, Velocity Selector, Cyclotron, and The Toroid (4.4.1–4.4.3)

Exercises 4.14–4.28

Chapter 5: Magnetism and Matter

 

 

Mathematical treatment of Bar Magnet as an Equivalent Solenoid (5.2.2)

Mathematical treatment of The Dipole in a Uniform Magnetic Field (5.2.3)

Example 5.4, Earth’s Magnetism, Magnetic Declination and Dip, and Paramagnetism (5.6.2)

Chapter 11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

Derivation for de Broglie wavelength of accelerated electron and Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle (Wave Nature of Matter)

Other Changes

 

 

 

 

 

Deleted Exercises:

Exercises 1.13, 1.25–1.34 (Electric Charges and Fields)

Exercises 2.12 to 2.36 (Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance)

Exercises 3.3, 3.4, 3.10, 3.12, 3.14–3.23 (Current Electricity)

Exercises 4.14–4.28 (Moving Charges and Magnetism)

Exercises 5.1, 5.2, 5.9–5.11, 5.13–5.25 (Magnetism and Matter)

Class 12 Physics 2025 Syllabus: Revised Books

The revised books recommended by the CBSE board for Class 12 Physics in 2025 are:

  1. Physics, Class XII, Part -I and II, published by NCERT.

  2. Laboratory Manual of Physics for Class XII, published by NCERT.

  3. Other related books and manuals brought out by NCERT, including multimedia resources.

CBSE Revised Syllabus for Class 12 Physics 2025 FAQs

Q1. What are the major topics covered in CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2025?

Answer: The syllabus covers Electrostatics, Current Electricity, Magnetic Effects of Current, Electromagnetic Induction, Electromagnetic Waves, Optics, Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter, Atoms and Nuclei, and Semiconductor Electronics.

Q2. How is the CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2025 structured?

Answer: It is divided into nine units covering various chapters. The units include Electrostatics, Current Electricity, Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism, and more, totaling 70 marks for theory and 30 marks for practicals.

Q3. What changes have been made to the CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus for 2025?

Answer: Some topics like specific derivations and exercises have been removed. The syllabus now emphasizes practical applications and hands-on learning experiences.

Q4. How can students prepare for CBSE Class 12 Physics exams based on the new syllabus?

Answer: Students should thoroughly understand each concept, practice numerical problems, conduct experiments as per guidelines, and refer to recommended NCERT textbooks and laboratory manuals for clarity.

Q5. Where can students download the CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2025?

Answer: The updated syllabus can be downloaded in PDF format from the official CBSE website or from trusted educational sources providing CBSE curriculum materials.

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